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| 1. How does stroke rank as a leading cause of blindness in the United States? |
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A.
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First. |
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B.
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Second. |
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C.
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Third. |
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D.
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Fourth. |
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| 2. Approximately how many cases of stroke are reported each year? |
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A.
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200,000. |
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B.
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500,000. |
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C.
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700,000. |
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D.
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900,000. |
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| 3. Which statement is FALSE? |
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A.
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By definition, transient ischemic attack (TIA) symptoms must resolve within 24 hours. |
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B.
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Most transient cerebral ischemic attacks resolve in 30 to 60 minutes. |
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C.
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Most TIAs of the eye resolve in 5 to 10 minutes. |
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D.
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TIA and ischemic stroke have different underlying mechanisms. |
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| 4. How long does it take for tissue death to occur following occlusion of an intracranial artery? |
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A.
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One to three minutes. |
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B.
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Four to 10 minutes. |
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C.
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12 to 14 minutes. |
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D.
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15 to 20 minutes. |
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| 5. The internal carotid artery supplies blood to what area? |
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A.
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Face. |
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B.
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Skull. |
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C.
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Brain. |
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D.
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Meninges. |
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| 6. What artery supplies the visual cortex and the occipital lobe? |
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A.
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Anterior cerebral. |
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B.
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Middle cerebral. |
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C.
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Posterior cerebral. |
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D.
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Anterior communicating. |
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| 7. Occlusion of what artery is most often responsible for stoke? |
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A.
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Anterior cerebral. |
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B.
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Middle cerebral. |
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C.
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Posterior cerebral. |
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D.
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Basilar artery. |
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| 8. Which statement regarding blood supply to the brain is FALSE? |
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A.
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There is a dual supply of blood to the brain (both anterior and posterior). |
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B.
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The carotid arterial system provides posterior circulation. |
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C.
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The Circle of Willis connects the carotid and basilar systems. |
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D.
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The basilar artery terminates in the posterior cerebral artery. |
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| 9. What is the pathophysiological correlation to amaurosis fugax? |
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A.
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Embolic occlusion of the central retinal artery. |
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B.
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Carotid atheroma. |
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C.
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Atherosclerosis. |
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D.
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TIA of the eye. |
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| 10. Bilateral visual loss coexistent with diplopia and vertigo is suggestive of what condition? |
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A.
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Vertebrobasilar insufficiency. |
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B.
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Anterior circulatory disturbances. |
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C.
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Carotid atheroma. |
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D.
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Ocular ischemic syndrome. |
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| 11. What is NOT true of homonymous hemianopsia? |
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A.
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It usually occurs secondary to posterior cerebral artery involvement. |
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B.
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It results from infarction of optic tract, radiation or cortex. |
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C.
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It is due to chiasmal crossing of nasal optic nerve fibers. |
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D.
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It is documented more often in TIA patients than stroke patients. |
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| 12. Which statement regarding TIA is false? |
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A.
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Sensory symptoms are reported far less frequently than motor symptoms. |
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B.
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Dysphagia is more common experienced by stroke patients than TIA patients. |
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C.
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Dysarthria is the most common speech disturbance. |
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D.
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Dysphasia is reported in 50% of cases. |
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| 13. What percentage of TIA patients experience headaches? |
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A.
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8%. |
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B.
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16%. |
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C.
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24%. |
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D.
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32%. |
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| 14. What symptom is NOT associated with arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy? |
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A.
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Hyperemic disc edem |
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B.
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Pale edematous disks. |
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C.
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Scalp tenderness. |
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D.
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Jaw pain. |
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| 15. What is the primary difference between a TIA that produces transient vision loss and a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) that produces severe, persistent vision loss? |
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A.
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The length of time the embolus is lodged in ophthalmic circulation. |
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B.
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The source of the embolus. |
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C.
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The time of day infarction occurs. |
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D.
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The degree of preexisting refractive error. |
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| 16. How long before irreversible retinal ischemia results from a CRAO? |
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A.
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Two hours. |
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B.
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Four hours. |
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C.
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Six hours. |
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D.
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Seven hours. |
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| 17. What condition is NOT associated with ocular ischemic syndrome? |
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A.
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Chronic ischemia of the eye |
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B.
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Mild carotid stenosis. |
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C.
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Chronic hypoperfusion |
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D.
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Severe carotid stenosis. |
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| 18. What is true of neovascular glaucoma that is caused by ocular ischemic syndrome? |
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A.
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It has a good prognosis. |
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B.
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It should be treated with Xalatan (latanoprost, Pfizer). |
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C.
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It may require trabeculectomy. |
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D.
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It infrequently causes significant intraocular pressure fluctuations. |
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| 19. What is NOT a conservative treatment option for a CRAO? |
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A.
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Ocular massage. |
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B.
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Carbogen. |
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C.
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Paracentesis. |
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D.
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Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis. |
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| 20. What treatment option has demonstrated comparable success to carotid endarterectomy at improving blood flow? |
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A.
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Hyperbolic oxygenation. |
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B.
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Paracentesis. |
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C.
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Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis. |
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D.
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Carotid angioplasty. |
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